Five linear parks. Five economic arcs.

~$7M total build (1964–67, $2M private + $5M+ govt) · 4 blocks · the only surviving system of its kind in the U.S. · category change → civic signature

WPA-built 1939–41 · Hugman fired mid-build · HemisFair '68 + Museum Reach 2009 + Mission Reach 2013 · the Pearl gentrification case · ~$3.6B cumulative private investment since 2003

$281M build · 168,000 vehicles/day removed · air pollution −35% · ~64,000 daily visitors · but: 1,000 vendors forcibly evicted Nov 2003, Garden Five relocation failed

8M visitors/yr (2019) · ~$2B adjacent investment · 35.3% property uplift · the 2005 West Chelsea rezoning is the policy bed Saint Paul has avoided

12-year final build · 4 mayors · no single capital line >$11M · ~$33M public total → $3.5B Water Street private capital · segment-by-segment, the cleanest 'Bilbao effect' case in recent U.S. downtowns